Samuel Clarke In Paul Russell's masterful analysis of the irreligious nature of Hume's Treatise of Human Nature entitled, The Riddle of Hume's Treatise, Russell recounts an argument for theism by Samuel Clarke and Hume's refutation. Russell shows how, in his efforts to defend a natural science of human knowledge, Hume is also attacking common theistic proofs. Clarke's argument is as follows: Something existed from all eternity. If something had not existed from all eternity then something would have come from nothing. That which has existed from all eternity is unchangeable and independent. If there had not existed from all eternity something unchangeable and independent then everything that has ever existed would be changeable and dependent. If everything is changeable and dependent then it is equally possible that everything exist and everything not exist. Since everything does exist there seems to be no determi...